World Press Freedom Day, 3 May 2016
Recalling that the right to information and to press freedom arenintegral parts of the freedom of expression, and are fundamental to democracy and to other rights and freedoms;
Noting the new United Nations (UN) 2030 Development Agenda, and in particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 to promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies, which includes key points relevant to press freedom, access to information, safety of journalists and the
rule of law.
Further noting SDG target 16.10 which is to “ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements”, and recognising
this target as directly relevant to achieving all other SDG goals and in particular SDG 5 on gender equality;
Welcoming the increasing number of countries who enable the right to information in national law, including in their constitutions, while also noting that legal guarantees for the right still do not exist, or face significant implementation challenges, in a number of UNESCO’s Member States;
Underscoring that universal access to information and to knowledge is central to the UN’s World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) process, which reaffirmed freedom of expression and universal access
to information as cornerstones for the ambition of achieving inclusive Knowledge Societies.
Recognising that the right to information and its effective implementation can be strongly supported by UNESCO’s concept of Internet Universality and the principles of Rights, Openness,
Accessibility and Multistakeholder participation;
Recalling that as per the 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, artistic freedom and cultural diversity is closely intertwined with freedom of
expression, which incorporates the right to seek and receive information;
Further recalling the initiative of the African Platform on Access to Information and Freedom of Information Advocates Network recognition of the day in 2002 and UNESCO’s subsequent 2015 Resolution declaring
28 September as International Day for Universal Access to Information;
Recognizing the importance of acknowledging the role of women journalists and the specific threats they face, including sexualized violence and online and offline harassment
Emphasizing that the right to information encompasses access to information held by or on behalf of public authorities, or to which public authorities are entitled by law, as well as to access to information that is held by private bodies in regard to the exercise of public functions.
Understanding that the right to information is critical for informed decision-making, for the right to participation in the conduct of public affairs, for monitoring of public actions and reducing corruption, and for enhancing transparency and accountability;
Recalling the concern in the 2010 Tenth Anniversary Joint Declaration of the UN Special Rapporteurs on Freedom of Expression that historically disadvantaged groups continue to struggle to have their voices heard and to access information of relevance to them;
Recognizing that the right is also vital to developing a free, independent and pluralistic media and essential to strengthening its capacity to counter hate speech, promote intercultural understanding, and fight radicalization and violent extremism;
Acknowledging that violations of the right to press freedom also have an adverse impact on the right to information, including by the arbitrary blocking of access to online information, restricting
expression online, and arbitrarily intruding on digital privacy, as well as the killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention, torture, deportations and other violations of journalists,
associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates.
Welcoming initiatives to promote safety of journalists such as the 5th February UNESCO conference on safety as well as the call for a Special Representative on Safety in the Office of the UN Secretary General,
and the International Declaration on the Protection of Journalists and the Global Safety Principles and Practices.
Call on each UNESCO Member State
To reaffirm that press freedom and to information are essential for a free, independent and pluralistic media, and crucial to the advancement of human rights and sustainable development;
To reaffirm a commitment to create a legal, policy and institutional environment which ensures that people can receive public information, including by means of a constitutional right to information as well as
through statutory and institutional mechanisms for implementation;
To ensure that exceptions to the right to information, including secrecy rules, are allowed only insofar as they adhere to such principles of international human rights laws as legality, a legitimate purpose and necessity, and to ensure that there is transparency around the operation of such limitations;
To put in place strong systems for proactive disclosure of information, taking full advantage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and promoting, as far as possible, universal
access to the Internet as well as open data principles;
To direct the necessary attention and political will to ensure full implementation of right to information, including by addressing the culture of secrecy within government institutions;
To ensure that legal frameworks are in place to protect the identity of confidential sources of journalism against direct and indirect exposure,and to enact legislation to protect whistleblowers;
To protect in law and in practice the right of individuals to protect the privacy of their digital communications by using encryption technology and tools that facilitate anonymity online;
To ensure that any bans on publication, including blocking of Internet content, are in fully line with international standards in this area which require legality, necessity, proportionality and legitimate
purpose, and to promote net neutrality and universal access to the Internet;
To enhance the information environment by putting in place positive measures to promote media diversity, including the availability of a broad range of cultural expressions through the media, and the
inclusion of minority groups in the media landscape;
To adopt and support gender equality policies and programmes in implementing the right to information, and also utilize the UNESCO Gender Sensitive Indicators for Media in advancing the right to press
freedom;
To put in place effective safety mechanisms to monitor, prevent, investigate and punish attacks against journalists and others exercising their right to freedom of expression, in line with the
universally applicable target of SDG 16, and the framework of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity.
To promote the right to information through Media and Information Literacy programmes to support people to develop their capabilities to use the Internet as informed creators and users of information and
knowledge;
To preserve independence of public service broadcasting as one of the essential pillars of pluralism and access to information;
To co-operate with other actors to ensure annual commemorations of the International Day for Universal Access to Information every 28 September.
Call on civil society, journalistic actors and internet intermediaries:
To raise awareness and build capacity among policy-makers, journalistic actors, citizens at large and vulnerable groups in particular, about the right to information as a fundamental human right and how it can serve democracy and sustainable development;
To contribute to the dissemination of good practices and experiences showcasing the direct link between the right to information, ethical standards, quality journalism, accountable governance, media self
regulation, participation, curbed corruption and sustainable development;
To promote and support investigative journalism, including using data tools, and to raise awareness about the value of journalism in the implementation of the right to information;
To promote the safety of newsrooms and journalists online and offline through training, ICT applications, safety protocols and systems, as well the importance of confidentiality of journalistic sources in the
digital age;
For Internet intermediaries, to strengthen transparency about data retention and access policies;
To advocate monitor the implementation of access to information laws,
policies and practices;
To use the International Day for Universal Access to Information (28 September) to promote the right to information, along with the values of transparency and accountability.
Call on UNESCO:
To promote awareness about the right to information as an important human right, necessary for the enjoyment of other human rights, and essential for transparent and accountable governance and sustainable
development;
To highlight that the right to information can only be effectively exercised and implemented on the basis of laws which regulate this right in accordance with international standards;
To call for a multi stakeholder consultation process with the Member States aimed at strengthening this right through a possible statutory instrument and an implementation mechanism, confirming that access to
public information has been recognized within the framework of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
To contribute fully to the monitoring of the implementation of SDG 16.10, and to support innovative approaches to facilitate citizen involvement in this;
To report to the UN General Assembly on progress towards SDG 16 in the setting up, worldwide, of mechanisms to monitor, prevent, investigate and punish all attacks on journalism.
To continue highlighting the importance of the right to information for fostering universal, open, affordable and unfettered access to information and knowledge, and narrowing digital and knowledge
divides, including gender gaps;
To advocate for ICT policies guided by governance principles that ensure openness, internet access, transparency, accountability, multilingualism, inclusiveness, gender equality, net neutrality and civil participation including for youth, persons with disabilities, marginalized and vulnerable groups;
To promote the right to information through use of ICTs and open solutions for sustainable development and the understanding amongst cultures, fostering inclusion, tolerance and cooperation amongst societies;
To participate fully in celebrating the International Day for Universal Access to Information (28 September).
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